Comparative Essay – Othello/Macbeth Tragic Heroes

Unit 1: ‘Many critics have argued that Othello is not a true Shakespearean tragic hero. Explore the idea that Shakespeare intended to make Othello fit the criteria of his tragic hero with comparison to Macbeth. ’ By Marina Georgallides A tragic hero, determined by Aristotle, must show a nobility and virtue of a certain magnitude however, their path to happiness should be ceased by their destructive vice (Harmartia- the flaw that eventually leads to their downfall).Peripeteia, the point where the character’s fortune changes, must evoke a state of pity and fear amongst the audience, and give above all, a didactic message. The outcome of this characteristic should result in a complex but sole instigation of both the hero’s Catharsis (a cleansing of emotion which is described by Aristotle as an effect of tragic drama on its audience) and Anagnoris when they reach their moment of realisation. It can be argued that Shakespeare fully abided by these rules in order to make a distinction between his characters’ prosperity and misfortune.Fintan O’Toole (post modernist critic) argues that Othello â€Å"is not tragic, merely pathetic†. However, Othello will be identified as a far greater tragic hero than Macbeth, illustrating how Shakespeare fully intended on creating a tragically heroic character such as Othello. As the play progresses, Othello’s monumental Harmartia is gradually revealed; his sense of inherent jealousy is implemented by Iago, the Machiavellian villain, and his gullibility makes him susceptible to it.Once he becomes convinced that his wife Desdemona is unfaithful, his jealousy does indeed feed itself just as Iago ironically warns, â€Å"the green eyed monster, which doth mock the meat it feeds on† (Iago- Act 3 Scene 1), leading to the hero’s monstrous behaviour. The apparent alliteration, â€Å"death and damnation† (Act 3 Scene 3) and â€Å"waked wrath† (Act 3 Scene 3), rev eals the great influence that Iago has upon Othello as his linguistic eloquence and his mental state rapidly collapse, resulting in both his use of evil imagery in language and in action, the murder of Desdemona.The hubris, argued by Helen Gardner (in 20th century) â€Å"is heroic because Othello acts from inner necessity†, appearing to show Othello’s desire to remake the world into a better place, an act that is heroic â€Å"in its absoluteness†. This admission of ethical duty perhaps may have encouraged a contemporary audience to pity Othello as his act, although terrible in itself, is nevertheless wonderful in its own manner of righteousness. Othello therefore appears to be more honourable since his wrong doing was out of love and not of hatred, something for which Gardener seems to forgive Othello.A contemporary audience would argue that gender also plays an important role in Othello as men were regarded as stronger and wiser, making it more forgivable of Ot hello. However, a 21st century audience would view women as equally as important as men, showing that Desdemona’s murder was underserved and unforgivable of Othello. Dr Johnson (1765) declared that Othello was a â€Å"very useful moral†, as the protagonist shows how one can be stifled by naivetà ©; the repetition of â€Å"honest Iago†, the external forces of evil, combine to cause Othello’s tragic manifestation and thus, his downfall.Macbeth’s Hamartia is his lust for power that eventually and unsurprisingly leads into his downfall. Arthur Kirsch (1984) highlights Macbeth’s â€Å"emptiness of his desires and the insatiability of his aspirations†. Macbeth becomes infatuated with the witches’ prophecy as he soon discovers how real it is, allowing him to be somewhat fixated on the idea of murdering the King and soon after, Banquo. â€Å"Macbeth does murder sleep†- the use of third person indicates the exponential deteriora tion of his mental state after killing an innocent King, as a result of his unquenchable thirst for power; essentially in itself more than one of the seven vices.Both Iago and Macbeth in this case, are the embodiment of the vices, both jealousy and greed, as opposed to Othello, who is only influenced by the vice itself. J. A Bryant (1961) argues that, â€Å"Macbeth is a wholly negative character who possesses the capacity for good but chooses to commit evil instead†, illustrating that his ulterior motive wasn’t for the good or righteous, as opposed to Othello, but for the selfish rise to power, evidently making him less of a tragic hero; he merely chooses evil because it works to his own advantage rather than making the world into a ‘better’ place.Both a Shakespearean and a modern audience would believe that Macbeth, like the Devil, has willed himself into a desperate position whereby he is captive of nothing except the providence he chose to ignore. In fa ct, a further aspect of his Hamartia is arguably his supposed lack of masculinity that he is constantly belittled and ridiculed for by Lady Macbeth. The use of a rhetorical question in â€Å"Are you a man? † indicates her ability to manipulate him into believing that he is not ‘strong’ enough to murder.This too, plays an important but yet, not as dominant, role in Macbeth’s downfall. The second element combined to create a tragic hero is Peripeteia where the downfall from a virtuous status to a catastrophic one is evident. Regardless of however many times Othello is referred to as the â€Å"Moor† by Iago, a derogatory term used to highlight his race, a Shakespearean audience will still be amazed by his aristocratic virtue as he possesses the verbal eloquence to assert to the signiors in the rule of three adjectives as â€Å"potent, grave and reverend†.In Act 3 Scene 3 however, Othello makes more references to the â€Å"devil†; a reflec tion of Iago’s evil nature being imparted upon him, as â€Å"goats and monkeys† are images that connote the devil. His eloquence of poetry in Act 1 is in stark contrast to his rather barbaric and politically incorrect behaviour in Act 3, particularly to a 21st century audience as his act of â€Å"striking her† (Desdemona) across the face is an incredulous act that is totally unacceptable to feminists now but may have been deemed as common or even deserved to a contemporary audience of the 16th century.His affection dramatically changes towards Desdemona and it can be argued that Othello â€Å"allows manipulation and jealousy to lead to his self-destruction†- Tasha Kelley (2010) Othello simply cannot help the jealousy that he feels within him, no matter how much of an influence Iago is upon him. At this point, Othello is entirely convinced and absolute in the killing of his wife; the use of hyperbolic language in â€Å"I’ll tear her all to piecesâ €  emphasises his sheer mercilessness since â€Å"all† of Desdemona will be killed.Unlike Othello, Macbeth changes rather early on in the play, and the only real evidence that the audience sees of his nobility is what others say about him. In Act 1 Scene 2 Duncan expresses, â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman†; the use of positive adjectives to describe Macbeth would give both a Shakespearean and modern audience a good impression of Macbeth even before he is revealed in the play.On the other hand, current and contemporary audiences would also notice that the other characters in Macbeth are the ones who prove Macbeth’s honorary class, and not he for himself. After one consecutive scene, Macbeth’s Peripeteia is extremely abrupt that it can be portrayed as almost non-existent. â€Å"If Chance will have me King, Why Chance may crown me, Without my stir†- immediately one gains the impression of his violent underlying tone that is implied by the use of the word â€Å"stir†, revealing to a contemporary audience that his destructive intentions are intrinsic.According to Aristotle, there must be a clear distinction between the character’s prosperity and misfortune; Macbeth, as a tragic hero, does not condition himself to these rules religiously enough and it therefore, can be argued that his downfall is far too early on in the play for an audience to fully grasp his nobility. Whereas, Othello’s greatness is explored thoroughly for two whole Acts, allowing an audience of any time period, to understand that his noble qualities are innate.A contemporary audience, for example, would understand the reason for Othello’s downfall much better than they would with that of Macbeth’s as the play enables him to develop as a character and thus, show his true intentions, which are in this case, to love and protect Desdemona. Alas, an alternative interpretation of Macbeth of a Shakespearean audience would b e that he is an incessantly complacent man who, by all means, allows arrogance to corrupt his mind even in the first scene of the play.The most famous of quotes where Macbeth visualises a dagger, represents his wavering resolve and lust for power that slowly descends into his madness. â€Å"Is this a dagger, which I see before me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Act 1 Scene 7, the use of a rhetorical question illustrates Macbeth’s hallucination of seeing an object that is clearly not there, which in comparison is a major downfall for someone who was deemed to be â€Å"valiant† at the start of the play.Susan Snyder (1994) states that â€Å"the play provides no answers to the questions it raises about the relative culpability of the witches’ equivocal predictions and Macbeth’s potential to commit murder†. Evidently, there is no real justification or distinction in Macbeth’s downfall other than his sick ambitious need for power. The third criterion that qualifies a tragic hero is Anagnorisis, where the protagonist acknowledges his/her own flaw that has led them to their downfall.After all the accusations and trauma that Desdemona has been through, her last and most angelic words being, â€Å"Commend me to my kind lord- O, farewell! † This suggests that she is a saint for forgiving all that Othello has done to her and shows just how much she loved Othello; a contemporary audience would ultimately feel pity for her as she is not the one to blame. However, a different view of Desdemona and what she represents has emerged over recent years amongst modern audiences; feminist and new historic critics have  examined her character in relation to the society she moves in.Marilyn French (1982), explores the masculine and misogynistic value system within Othello, and despite Desdemona’s assertiveness in choosing her own husband, French emphasises that Desdemona â€Å"must be obedient to males† and is â€Å"self-denying in the e xtreme† thus when she dies she is a stereotype of female passivity. Once killing Desdemona, Othello begins to express his sincere remorse for his wrongdoing through the repetition of alliteration.The use of alliteration in â€Å"Cursed, cursed† and â€Å"cold, cold†, Act 5 Scene 2, reveals how ashamed he is with himself for committing such a crime as he is emphasising it through the repetition of consonance sound â€Å"c†, and above all, goes closer to prove his tragic hero status. Through his two speeches, Othello is able to elaborate on the fact that he is wrapped with guilt; the rhyming couplet of: â€Å"I kissed thee ere I killed thee: no way by this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. † epitomises his Anagnoris as he realises his sheer love for Desdemona with what remains within him, a flare of eloquence.In stark contrast, there is no real evidence of Macbeth’s Anagnoris, and in fact, he behaves rather arrogantly about the witchesâ€⠄¢ predictions because he believes that no real harm will happen to him. In Act 5 Scene 3, Macbeth expresses a very short speech in which no lamenting or mourning is apparent; â€Å"I have lived long enough; my way of life Is fall’n into the sear† is but a mere acknowledgement of his circumstances rather than realisation of his tragic flaw. A Shakespearean audience would notice that perhaps Macbeth has not fully repented for his mistake and is therefore, in terms of Aristotle, not a true, classified tragic hero.Macbeth is determined to continue fighting for his life whereas traditionally a tragic hero, such as Othello, should ultimately understand their downfall in exchange for their life. In Act 5 Scene 5, Macbeth does in fact have the verbal eloquence to express himself even in a state of supposed despair. The use of personification in â€Å"Life’s but a walking shadow† reinforces the state of his ignorance to register his own wrong doing and therefore, both a modern and contemporary audience can advocate that they do not feel the same sympathy as they do for Othello.Finally, the last criterion of a tragic hero is Catharsis; the point at which the tragic hero cleanses his heart and the audience’s too. Othello, despite all that he has been through, returns to the articulate and passionate man, and for that, an audience can feel as though the previous trauma of Desdemona’s death combined with his own wicked imagery is obliterated and washed from them. â€Å"And very sea-mark of my utmost sail† is an example of how Othello is able to speak in iambic pentameter even in such a horrific mental state, reinforcing an audience’s perception of how truly noble and titled he is.Most honourably, he is not afraid of killing himself in the name of love; he simply â€Å"kisses Desdemona, and dies†, making him appear as more of a tragic hero than Macbeth, who fights to live on. He leaves the audience feeling bere aved and pitiful because, despite his jealousy, he ‘loved Desdemona too well’, a crime that was surely too harshly punished. Although, Macbeth’s death is rather less tragic and more heroic in the sense that he refused to kill himself by â€Å"falling on my sword†; an audience would regard him as more honourable towards himself.Before Malcolm kills him, he partly recognises his wrong doing in the little speech that he gives; â€Å"Of all men else I have avoided thee: But get thee back, my soul is too much charg’d With blood of thine already†. Irrespective of the fact that Macbeth didn’t kill himself as he should have done, the imagery of â€Å"blood† reveals the extent of which Macbeth fights like a true soldier till the end. Unfortunately, as a modern audience, we cannot feel the same sympathy as we do for Othello as he neither recognises his flaw nor kills himself because of it; an imperative required for a true tragic hero.Mac beth is a rapid play that does not allow the main protagonist to develop as a character and for that reasoning; Macbeth lacks many of the imperative qualities needed within a tragic hero such as Peripeteia and Anagnorisis. Without a single doubt, Othello is one of Shakespeare’s greatest tragic heroes as fought for by Helen Gardner and Dr Johnson, regardless of Fintan O’Toole’s perception of Othello being â€Å"merely pathetic†. We can advocate otherwise that in fact Othello fulfils all four criterias of Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero.

J.S. Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, 2nd Movement Essay

The second movement of J. S. Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major, BWV 1047 consists of sixty-five measures that take approximately four minutes to perform and is scored for solo flute (recorder), solo oboe, solo violin, cello, and harpsichord. The three high-pitched solo instruments generally use the middle and upper part of their registers. For example, the lowest pitch for the violin is the D just above middle C. This stratification, combined with certain melodic and rhythmic features, clearly differentiates the melodic and accompanimental voices. Melody The three solo instruments are the primary vehicles for the melodic material in this movement. The melodic line is very short (only two measures long) and is clearly stated for the first time by the violin in mm. 1-3. This melody contains several distinguishing features. It begins with an ascending step and then proceeds to descend by step. This descent is slightly interrupted by an ornament on beat 3 of m. 2. For instance, on beat 3 of m. 2, the primary note is G. This G forms part of the descent from Bb (beat 1), A (the second half of beat 2), continuing to F (beat 1 of m. 3), E (beat 2), and D (the second half of beat 2). The G is ornamented by the Bb and A that also form part of beat 3 of m. 2. The principle melody also features a trill on beat 1 of m. 3 and an accented passing tone on beat 2 of m. 3. Rhythmic characteristics of this melody include beginning with a quarter note anacrusis followed by a dotted quarter. The agogic accent on the highest note of the melody gives a stress to the first beat of each even-numbered bar. Though the rhythmic values of the continuation of the melody vary throughout the movement, the durations of the first two notes are constant. After its first appearance, this melody is then imitated by the oboe (m. 3) and the flute (m. 5), at the original pitch. Once all the voices have stated this melody, the melody continues to be used imitatively throughout the movement, with the exception of two passages, mm. 34-37 and mm. 46-57. In these two passages, the melodic material consists largely of step-wise motion that creates suspensions on beat 1 of every bar. This material is derived from the accompanimental material of the opening melody. When the violin has finished stating the primary melody and the oboe enters with this melody at the end of m. 3, the violin continues with material that is largely step-wise in motion and creates suspensions on beat 1 of every bar. The suspensions come in a variety of forms: 6-5 (m. 4), 2-1 (m. 6), and 7-8 (m. 7). While the solo instruments are charged with the melodic material, the cello and harpsichord play an accompanimental role. These voices play almost consistent eighth notes. The eighth-note motion is disrupted only five times throughout the movement. In mm. 14, 22, 32, and 42 the quarter notes on beat two and three slow down the surface rhythm and give a sense of expectation of closure. In fact, all of these measures feature dominant, or dominant-seventh, sonorities and are followed by a tonic harmony in the next bar. The eighth-note motion is also absent from the accompanimental voices in the last four measures of the piece. Harmony With the melody and the prevailing rhythmic motion of the movement being largely constant, it is left to the harmony to provide contrast. This movement is in d minor, but many other keys are touched upon. A minor is the first contrasting key to appear. The dominant of a minor is introduced quite early in the piece in m. 8, but a strong arrival on A is delayed until m. 15. In the intervening measures, Bach introduces a harmonic idea that will be used later in the piece. The harmony of m. 10 consists of the V7 chord of C major; however, this dominant resolves deceptively to a minor in m. 11. C major appears as a key area in. mm. 17-24. The modulation to C major is accomplished through the use of a pivot chord: the F major sonority on beat 1 of m. 17 functions as both the VI of a minor and the IV of C major. The cadence in C major in m. 23 is one of the strongest cadences in the entire movement. All voices sound an unembellished C major triad on beat one. Furthermore, beat 2 of this measure is the only time in the movement (aside from the first measure) where all melodic voices are silent. G minor is briefly tonicized in m 25. This key area is approached through a combination of a deceptive resolution and a pivot chord. In m. 24, a G dominant seventh chord appears. It does not resolve to C as expected, but rather deceptively to a minor. This a minor sonority functions simultaneously as vi of a minor and ii of g minor. This g minor section is very brief, as the progression V7-vi(ii) is sequenced in the following measure to tonicize d minor. With this tonicization of d minor comes a return of the opening melody at its original pitch (oboe, m. 27). The d minor triad of m. 29 functions as a pivot chord in the modulation to Bb major. There is a strong cadence in Bb major in m. 33, and the piece remains in this key until m. 39. This is in fact the largest period of harmonic stability that the listener has encountered so far. It is striking therefore that this is precisely the section where the primary melodic idea disappears for the first time. Whereas in the first 33 measures of the piece, the melody remained constant and the harmonic varied, in mm. 33-39, the harmony is stable and the melody is contrasting. G minor, which had previously been briefly tonicized, returns as a key area in m. 39. Bach hints at its return in m. 37 with the D major sonority (the dominant of G). In m. 39, the V7 sonority of Bb major is resolved deceptively to g minor, and this vi functions as a pivot chord (i of g minor). A strong cadence in g minor appears in m. 43. However, the movement does not remain in g minor for long, as this tonic triad is actually a pivot chord marking the return of d minor (i re-interpreted as iv). The remainder of the movement is in d minor, though a circle of fifths progression provides some contrasting harmonic motion. This circle of fifths progression is preceded by the two strong dominant-tonic motions in d minor of mm. 45-48. From here, Bach cycles through A major (m. 49), D major (m. 50), G major (m. 51), C major (m. 52), F major (m. 53), and Bb major (m. 54). The cycle is broken by the E diminished sonority of m. 55 (ii? of d minor) which functions as a pre-dominant, leading to the dominant of m. 56 and finally to the tonic in m. 57. Form and Phrase Structure While this movement does not follow a recognizable form such as ritornello or binary, it can be divided into smaller formal units when the harmonic motion is considered alongside features of the melody and the texture. As noted above, the accompanimental voices in mm. 14, 22, 32, and 42 contain quarter notes that contrast with the almost pervasive eighth note motion of these voices and thus stand out upon hearing. These measures also announce the arrival of significant key areas: a minor (m. 15), C major (m. 23), Bb major (m. 33), and g minor (m. 43). These measures mark significant structural moments in the movement. The sections delineated by these points of arrival can be further broken down into smaller formal units based on melodic and harmonic features. As noted above, the primary melody is two bars long, and each imitative entry follows directly once the previous voice has finished stating the melody. The entries of the voices are very easily heard as the texture throughout the piece is quite thin. These two bar units are combined into larger phrases. The section from mm. 1-15 can be divided into two phrases, mm. 1-7 and mm. 7-15, based on the cadence in d minor in m. 7. The first phrase consists of the presentation of the melody in each of the three solo voices. The second phrase, likewise, contains a presentation of the melody in all three voices, but this phrase is two bars longer than the first because of an additional entry in the flute (m. 13) and the modulation to a minor. The section from mm. 15-23 is one phrase. As with the first phrase of the movement, each solo instrument presents the melody at the same pitch level (this time starting on C). However, this phrase is two bars longer than the opening phrase because of the cadential material in mm. 22-23. The section from mm. 23-33 is divided into two units, mm. 23-27 and mm. 27-33. The first phrase contains the presentation of the melody in the violin, which is then sequenced up a fifth in the flute in m. 25. Measure 27, with the tonicization of d minor and the return of the opening melody at its original pitch, sounds like the beginning of a new phrase. Measures 33- 43 can likewise be divided into two phrases, mm. 33-37 and mm. 37-43. Measures 33-37 are distinguished by the absence of the original melody and the relative stability of Bb major as a key area. The primary melody returns in m. 37, and the phrase that begins in this measure contains a statement of the melody by all three solo instruments. The final section of the piece, mm. 43-65, can be heard as being divided into four sections: mm. 43-45, mm. 45-57, mm. 57-62, and mm. 62-65. The first of these sections is very brief and contains a single statement of the melody in the oboe. The second section, quite long, contains the circle of fifths progression with no statement of the primary melody. The third section contains a statement of the melody in the violin and the oboe. The flute begins its entrance, but the melody is truncated. In the final section, the eighth note motion of the continuo voices is gone, as is the primary melody. These measures consist entirely of cadential material. This material is noteworthy because of its chromaticism and its rhythmic treatment. At first, the cadence seems to be approached in a predictable manner. The tonic six-four chord of m. 62 is followed by a dominant seventh in root position at the end of this bar. Theoretically, a tonic triad could follow at the beginning of m. 63 to bring the movement to a close. However, Bach prolongs the dominant functioning harmony with a fully diminished seventh chord (in third inversion). This chord does not resolve as expected. One would expect the Bb in the bass to descend to an A, however it rises chromatically to a B natural. This B natural forms part of another fully diminished seventh chord (borrowed from the key of the dominant) and is in first inversion. This seventh chord finally leads to the dominant to prepare for the final appearance of the tonic (albeit with a piccardy third). The effect of this surprising harmonic motion is highlighted by the hemiola, as each of these sonorities gets a full two beats. One remarkable feature of all of the phrases in this movement is how they overlap with the preceding phrases. Several features combine to produce this characteristic. First, the accompanying voices begin on beat one of the first measure. The melodic entries, however, always begin on beat three. From the beginning then, there is a two-beat separation of the phrase structure of the melodic and accompanying voices. This separation is highlighted at cadences. In this movement, the resolution harmony always appears on beat 1 in the accompaniment. However, at this point, the melodic voices are still in the process of completing their descending line, which is only accomplished at the end of beat two. Furthermore, the point of arrival in the cadences serves not only as the end of one harmonic progression but also as the beginning of another progression. As all of the phrases are elided, this movement contains no significant moments of rest and stability. One never gets the sense that one idea has completely ended before something else begins. Conclusion In addition to the elision of phrases, other musical elements contribute to the sense that musical ideas never completely finish. For one, the wave-like quality produced by the entrance of the imitative voices is quite hypnotic and could, in theory, be continued indefinitely. Also, the harmonic motion is not goal-oriented. Bach does not set up the expectation for one significant contrasting key area to be explored in the movement. Rather, many different key areas are touched upon, but none (with the possible exception of the Bb area) are featured for a significant amount of time. Furthermore, the one key area which one expects to hear, namely F major (the relative major of d minor), is completely absent from this movement. Because this movement is not goal-oriented, the listener gets the sensation that it continues to open out. Indeed, it is not until the circle of fifths progression begins in m. 49 that the listener gets the sense that the end of the movement is approaching. The arrival at this turning point is quite unexpected and takes the listener by surprise. To speak colloquially, it is as if someone got in their car and started driving, with no destination in mind. Since there was no reason for the trip, the driver did not know when to turn around and come back home. Nevertheless, the driver finds himself on a familiar road near his house, and because he is almost there decides to just go home.

Ancient hero movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient hero movie - Essay Example Ancient hero movies are characterized by extraordinary births, the impossible task, opposition to enemies, and the presence of formidable enemies. Some of the movies are based on myths of Greeks and Romans. They tell the story of individuals who are not deterred by the limits of nature. Extraordinary births, strong feelings, and dedication are among the characters that ancient heroes demonstrated. Many modern movies borrow the concept of a hero from this films. For example, the Batman series, Spiderman, Ironman and Justice League are some of the recent movies that have borrowed some hero motifs from ancient movies. ‘Tears of the Sun’ is a modern war film that tells the story of the elite U.S Navy Seal team that is on a mission to retrieve a U.S. citizen in Nigeria after a civil war breaks (Fuqua). The team is under the command of LT A.K. Waters. In the beginning, the rescue team had a simple task, which is to retrieve a U.S. citizen and leave Nigeria. Unfortunately, L.T. A. K. Waters and his men find the odds against them growing stronger. They are forced to make a number of personal choices, which changes their mission to retrieving more than one U.S. citizen. The SEAL team come out as the heroes in the film because they commit the selfless act of putting their live in danger for refugees they have just met. It would have been easy to stick to their mission, which is to retrieve one person and leave Nigeria. The SEALs give their life to protect those who cannot protect themselves. The refugees are trying to escape Nigeria are running away from the execution being orchestrated by the rebel army. Saving these people is equivalent going against a guerrilla army in their territory. In the same way, ancient hero films are characterized by extraordinary individuals who put their lives on the line to save the masses. The SEALs are saviors and protectors, which is a common motif in ancient hero stories. The SEALs are faced with an

The American Community and Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American Community and Family - Essay Example He was very kind to his fellows, that" there were no dog that would bark at him". But in his own house with his family he is different, he doesn't perform goodness, he will just come with his dog and his rifle. His wife used to nag at him because of his laziness and irresponsibility in his own family. His wife is always angry to him because he is no useful in the family. Because Rip Van Winkle will rather help other people fix their fences than working on his farm. Unfortunately, time came that he couldn't takeaway anymore the words of his wife so he went to the mountain where he and his dog used to go to. But a strange dwarf came out and brought him to its world and makes him sleep for almost 20 years ago. When he went back to his town, people also don't even know him. But as his daughter approached the crowd then knew that he was the Rip Van Winkle who was lost over 20 years ago. But still the community came to accept him. Here we see that the people in the community have the role of recognizing an n individual due to its good performance. But if an individual came to be as a stranger, of course it won't give him positive responses, as long as he came to be known for long with them. In the story of Maxim Hong Kingston, the "No Name Woman" the character was bind to the Chinese world. In which she tend to discover his nature and herself's Chinese character. She studied the culture of the Chinese. She is searching for his Chinese part. But the story itself put it so splendidly, "The villagers punished her for acting as if she could have a private life, secret and apart from them." (p. 396) The two-story shows the interaction of each character to its community. In which, they have tried to be in it and to be out of it. They wanted to explore something for they which are out of the community's govern. The two stories is different. The community in relation to Rip they were kind to him and they treat him well. While in the "No Name Woman", everything is different. Her life is difficult. The society does not permit her to have her own life. They are opposed to her. Even her relatives. And in this part Rip and the woman is the same. When it comes to the family, they are the opposed, but the difference is that Rip is opposed by the family because of his own fault, being helpless to his own family, while "no name" is just willing to discover his own life in the Chinese world, but the family added the pain that she is experiencing. Here we see the interaction between an individual as a part of its society, the belongingness they will gain and the hardness they are experiencing. Bibliography American Short Stories *a file Compilation, Torio,P. MSEUF, Lucena City,Philippines;2005 Critical Analysis of No Name Woman, 21 September,

Crowdscourcing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Crowdscourcing - Term Paper Example Today through crowd sourcing, the company can use a huge number of less technical people to carry out complex and highly ingenious tasks at very low costs. As a result, the basic idea behind crowdsourcing is to increase productivity while at the same time reducing involved costs in the production process (Mau, 2004). This involves the use of internet where the company solicits feedback from a community of many active and passionate people, which will help the company in significantly reducing the time that it would take to collect data about the same information in the field through a research or other formal focus groups. Therefore, by having customers involved in the branding activities, marketing and the product design and development processes, the organization can greatly save on the staffing costs required and cater for the numerous risks and uncertainties in the market place (Mau, 2004). History The process of requiring customers to have an input in developing products is not new. However, open-source software has changed the approach by making it possible for many people to be involved in such a process. In today’s technology, it is possible to have numerous people undertake tasks that would seem too complex for their level of technical knowledge, mainly driven by factors such as the development of blogs social networks such as Facebook, twitter, MySpace and YouTube. This has made the traditional differences producers and consumers to vanish and leave a thin line that becomes hard to isolate, leading to a market that has a collective intelligence (Brabham, 2008). In other words, in the market today, it is possible to access people’s passion, knowledge, their creative ideas and insightful thinking. This translates to improved production and increased innovations numerous minds are brought together in an economy driven by intellectuals. Open source code, the invention of Stallman an MIT graduate that dates back to 1983 has made crowdsourcing in the IT a great success and has helped companies to reap big from crowdsourcing. This led to development of Unix operating system by 1991 where the developer Linus Torvalds, a computer scientists based in Finland requested ideas from people on how to develop a free operating system, which led to the current Linus operating system, which is the globally largest and world most successful open code software today (Howe, 2008). In interface design, users create socially adaptable interfaces that address interface complexity where users come up with customizations linked to specific tasks, which are then made available to an online community through an online repository. Once the users have created a collection of test sets, the users then customize the interfaces created with a keyword search in finding and installing specific task sets, resulting to a situation where users can issue direct commands to the interface. Therefore, crowdsourcing has its origin from academic researchers w ho designed digital resources that supported research and data interpretation methods, which involved visualization of data, computational analysis, data mining and simulations (Oomen & Aroyio, 2011). Consequently, in interface design, the result was that users were henceforth able to automate difficult tasks to compute,

The Bird Flu in the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bird Flu in the United Kingdom - Essay Example Sturcke and Batty (2006) report stated that as many as 46 countries have recorded bird flu cases in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Aside from being a health risk, the bird flu is also a massive economic threat. Freeman (2005) stated that "the UK has about 120 million poultry, including chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, worth 1.3 billion a year. About 25 per cent of the egg-laying flock are kept outdoors and about 10 per cent of chickens raised for meat are free-range." (Sturcke, J. & Batty, D., 2006. Q&A: Bird flu [online], The Guardian, 27 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,,1591620,00.html) Boseley and Watt (2005) reported that after a meeting of EU veterinarians on the problem of bird flu, the British Veterinary Association's President stated that bird flu is inevitably going to arrive in the UK[and] there is a small but real danger that migrating wild birds could bring us a highly dangerous strain of the virus. (Boseley, S. & Watt, N., 2005. Vets say arrival of bird flu in UK is inevitable [online], The Guardian, 26 August, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,14207,1556846,00.html) In a 2006 report, Sturcke and Batty stated incidents of the bird flu virus in the United Kingdom. A dead swan was found in Cellardyke and a parrot died in an Essex quarantine zone. Both incidents occurred in 2005, and both birds were found to have died from the H5N1 virus. In a farm west of Norwich, a number of chickens were found to have tested positive of the less deadly H7 strain of bird flu, which also infects humans. (Sturcke, J. & Batty, D., 2006. Q&A: Bird flu [online], The Guardian, 27 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,,1591620,00.html ) Needless to say, the alarm and threat of a widespread bird flu infection has prompted the UK government to take various measures in an attempt to prevent such a pandemic. BBC News (2006) reported that one such step was the UK's ban on imports of live chickens from Croatia, Turkey, Romania, Russia, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pakistan, Malaysia, South Africa, and North Korea, where bird flu outbreaks have occurred. (BBC News, 2006. Britain's bird flu preparations [online]. viewed 14 May, 2006, .) The finding of dead swans in Fife and in Scotland prompted government to create a huge exclusion zone to prevent any further spread of the bird flu virus. Henderson, Macleod and English (2006) reported that a 1,000 square mile exclusion zone was set up, stretching from the Forth Road Bridge, north of Edinburgh, to Stonehaven in the north east and Perth in the north west. It greatly expands the 3km (1.8 mile) radius protection zone and 10km (6.2 mile) surveillance zone established around Cellardyke. (Henderson, M., Macleod, A., & English, S., 2006. 1,000 sq mile exclusion zone set up to combat risk of virus spreading [online], The Times, 07 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25149-2122749,00.html) Within that exclusion zone, there are found around 3.1 million domestic birds kept on about 175 poultry farms and would require that owners of 48 free-range farms will have to bring their

NHS Computer Scheme Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

NHS Computer Scheme - Coursework Example The ?12 billion NHS computer scheme project was an initiative of the UK department of health that was aimed at achieving a single, centrally-mandated electronic care record for patients and to provide a connection of more than 30,000 general practitioners to over 300 hospitals (Deloitte, 2009). The system was also aimed at providing a secure platform where authorized health practitioners could access medical records in the process of providing care to patients. The project had other aims as well including the ability to provide a platform where any patient could be able to access their medical records online at any time with the appropriate authorization. If the project was to succeed patients would have been able to access their medical records online through a service dubbed Healthspace. The project was going to be a leap forward in the healthcare industry and was said to be a world’s first most comprehensive civil information technology program of the century (PAC, 2010). T he program began in October 2002 and since then its management has continued to spur debate and discussion among the public and other stakeholders as well. The first bone of contention is the cost of the program that was estimated to cost ?12 billion (Campbell, 2011). The second problem came up as a result of poor management and or the subsequent sacking of four of the proposed IT provides (PAC, 2010). Third, the public accounts committee on the other hand has continued to criticize the project terming it to have flaws from the point of initialization, budgeting, scope, planning and also noted that the project had little practical value to the patients if any in order to warrant implementation (PAC, 2010). A review by the Cabinet Office’s Major Projects Authority (MPA) established a number... This paper is going to provide a critical analysis of an ambitious IT project began by the UK department of health dubbed NHS National Program for IT. The  £12 billion NHS computer scheme project was an initiative of the UK department of health that was aimed at achieving a single, centrally-mandated electronic care record for patients and to provide a connection of more than 30,000 general practitioners to over 300 hospitals. The system was also aimed at providing a secure platform where authorized health practitioners could access medical records in the process of providing care to patients. The project had other aims as well including the ability to provide a platform where any patient could be able to access their medical records online at any time with the appropriate authorization. If the project was to succeed patients would have been able to access their medical records online through a service dubbed Healthspace. The project was going to be a leap forward in the healthcare industry and was said to be a world’s first most comprehensive civil information technology program of the century This report makes a conclusion that through the events and the issues that marked UK’s first major IT project, there are a number of things that needed to be changed to boost the chances of the success of the project. It is recommended that first; NHS would have established a project board together with the project manager and the project team to ensure effective management of the project. This would have helped in establishing responsibilities and authority so that the project manager is under a larger authority which would have put pressure on him to enable the effective accomplishment of his duties.

Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter From a Birmingham Jail - Essay Example The author actually directed the letter to the members of the clergy and since it was deemed published in totality, the target audience for this particular discourse is the white moderate population, who were deemed indifferent. The white moderate segment of society was noted to have preferred the status quo or retaining order and keeping their stance as observers rather than stir the social condition to attain justice for the blacks. One is firmly convinced that his nonviolent strategies should therefore be directed to the white moderate segment of society through the creation of tension and intervention that would force this segment to move and openly profess that his advocacies are better than just being mere spectators and preserving order. The letter should have been directly addressed to the white moderate segment of the population to entice them to change their indifferent stance and enjoin them to support the elimination of prejudice and discrimination that has long been dire cted to the African Americans. The letter was addressed to fellow clergymen and was written in response to a supposed remark that classified Martin Luther King’s (MLK) activities as allegedly untimely and unwise.

Participatory Culture of Henry Jenkins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Participatory Culture of Henry Jenkins - Essay Example The essay "Participatory Culture of Henry Jenkins" talks about the idea of Henry Jenkins that literacy in the 21st century should be measured as a social or group skill rather than subjective. In short, he has tried to unravel that, whether it is knowledge or education, it should be shared and spread in the present times with the help of different tools that he describes as aids; however, he has also reiterated that incorporating new ideas or methodologies in an effort to make literacy more viable and accessible does not mean that traditional ideas should be refuted in any manner or with a motive, which is virtually irrelevant. Thus, the idea of Jenkins, which says â€Å"the new media literacies should be seen as social skills, as ways of interacting with a larger community, and not simply an individualized skill to be used for personal expression† opens new opportunities. The point that is to be appreciated in the concept is that Jenkins has begun explaining his ideas in an extremely lucid manner that pervades the humdrum of all those concepts that are familiar in everyday life. Although he has entered into a sensitive arena such as literacy and education, Jenkins has tried to maintain a strain of sanguinity throughout the paper. His primary intention is to convince his readers that education is a much broader term and its utilization should not be restrained or limited; rather, the new means of communication can be used for diminishing the cross-cultural barriers that often detains the true purpose of education.

Online Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online Inventory - Essay Example As the discussion highlights his learning styles are visual, physical, social, aural, verbal, logical, and physical according to learning-styles-online.com and; sensitive, active, sequential, visual, solitary and referral according to Solomon and Felder. In terms of visual, the author pay attention to images to understand while, in verbal terms, use of explanation is useful to him. He scored highly on visual learning skills as compared to verbal. Images help him to remember what was taught in class and thus very effective on the author.This discussion stresses that there were similarities and differences in my study methods as portrayed by the two different websites. The similarities were that my learning styles are physical or active of which he do enjoy exercising and sports for instance football and basketball.   Another common aspect is that images help me study better and achieve my goals. On the other hand, the major differences is that his learning style is social, and solit ary. The differences might have resulted from the question structure which led to his different interpretation on the same. The author  found out that he has to improve some certain aspects like verbal, social and logical learning styles. The hints given by the two websites provided a platform for him to improve and make himself better.  The author has to improve on his verbal skills because visual learning requires explanations.

Understanding Of The Theoretical Concept Essay Example for Free

Understanding Of The Theoretical Concept Essay In this essay, my objective is to demonstrate my understanding of the theoretical concepts and techniques used in hypnotic inductions and to discuss my reasons for believing that it is best that an induction is personalised as well as the reasons why they may not always be the best strategy. Research shows that words make up 7% of our communication, tone and volume make up 38% and our body language make up 55%. In order to practice hypnosis, an individuals eyes are closed and the aim is to relax the body completely, leaving only words, tone and volume to communicate, this makes these factors very important in the process of hypnosis therefore using these factors right is the key to a successful induction. To my understanding, a personalised induction is a hypnotic induction screed that is tailored to suit a specific inividual. There are 2 induction styles that are used when personalising an induction, those are; the permissive technique and the authoritarian technique. In the permissive technique, a softer tone of voice is issued to draw the subject into a state of relaxation. With this technique, the subject and the hypnotherapist are equal partners in the process of hypnosis. More imaginative suggestions are used and greater responsibility is given to the hypnotic subject to create the right state that is needed to achieve results. Subjects who are most responsive to this technique are individuals who are very imaginative an creative because more specific imagery is used in the induction. This technique was devised by Milton Erickson in the 1900s, It is particularly used in subjects who are gaining to reach goals, such as people who want to become more successful in their occuption or career. The Authoritarian technique is a more direct and authority based technique. Its purpose is to establish control over the subject. In this, the hypnotist commands the individual to respond in a specific way. Repititious commands are given in order to alter the subjects behavior. This technique was made famous by Franz Mesmer. Subjects who are most responsive to the authortarian technique are those who have great respect for authoritarian figures, such as teachers, employers and police officers. This technique is best used on individuals who are suffering with problems that began from childhood which usually originates as a result of a response to an authority figure. The authoritarian and permissive technique can also be personalised to an individual by identifying which type of suggestions an indiviual will best respond to and is most comfortable with. These are called modalities. There are 3 main types of modalities; visual(sight), auditory(hearing)and Kinaesthetic(feeling). There are many ways to identify an individuals modality. Their interests, eye movements when using their imagination, tone of voice, the words and phrases they use when speaking and even their body type. Individuals who respond best to the visual modality induction are usually very creative and are interested in drawing, design and television. A visual person When speaking would usually use wording like; looks good to me or the future looks bright. Or they may use more color references than persons with other modalities. When using their imagination, their eyes would go up and to the right. Their voice tone is generally faster but in a high, clear tone. An auditory individual loves music and talking on the phone and find unpleasant and undesirable sounds highly intolerable. They would frequently use phrases like that sounds good or I hear what youre saying. Their eyes would go right when imagining something. Their voice is usually an even paced tone. Individuals who would respond best to Kineasthetic suggestions would usually use such wording like; i know how you feel, i cant put my finger on it or heated argument. Their eye movement when using their imagination would be down to the right. Their tone of voice is usually a soft, deep tone and speaks with pauses in speech. A hypnotherapist would usually identify the best modality to use by conversating with the client, being sure to listen to the client as this provides more doorways into their subconscious, as paying attention to the things that relax them, the way they process experiences and the style of behaviour that they will likely best react to. The therapist would also, to be more acurate, determine the clients moality through the use of rapport during the initial consultation. This helps the therapist to become more aware of any fears, phobias and illnesses of the subject.The results would then be used in the development of a personalised induction or in some cases it would actually prove that a personalised induction is not even necessary as the indivduals case may be basic enough to decide on the option of the use an already written or recorded script which would be a time saver. In one sense, we use personalised inductions because people are individuals and deserve the personal touch. However, it it because we recognise that people are individuals and are unique, that we recognise that an initial consultation cant tell you everything you ever need to know about someone. A personalised induction can presume too much. I do however believe that after a rapport a hypnotherapist cannot go wrong with personalising a screed because not all screeds are very effective in all circumstances. Each induction tends to be more effective in different situations and with different subjects, for example; The authoritarian technique would be very effective when used in a private session when dealing with an individual who is struggling with a bad habit which may have resulted from a past experience with an authoritarian figure, for eg. smoking, drinking or over eating. This is because the authoritarian technique would be used to take an indivdual back to their past to discover where their problem originated and to help the individual in understanding that incident and therefore let go of the behavior that compensates for it. In this situation, a personalised induction is more effective. However, The authoritarian style, would not be the best option to utilise in a group session, because whereas there are some individuals with which the authoritarian approach would be very effective, not all individuals respond very well with recieving a command. This could cause some individuals to become very uncomfortable which would make it difficult, if not impossible, to get some individuals into a trance. As a result, the hypnotherapy session would be very unsuccessful as a group treatment. I also believe that more direct techniques, in contrast, are powerful and often effective but often more difficult to make effective use of, often very narrow in their impact and they involve an unecessary element of submission, helplessness and reluctant agreement on the part of the subject. Personalised inductions may, sometimes be less effective with permissive suggestions because in this technique an individual is presented ideas in a carefully crafted general manner, he or she tends to process the incoming words on the basis of what he or she expects to hear, wants to hear, needs to hear. Thus, because of indirect techniques, the listeners own mind assures that suggestions are personally form-fitted to his or her needs and expectations so in this case, personalisation is not necessary. I also believe that it is best to personalise a screed because people are different in many ways. They have different likes and dislikes, cultural backgrounds and experiences therfore people have different perspectives, traits and outlooks. Personalising an induction takes these factors into account, thus helping to avoid making mistakes with a client. These factors are also what determines an individuals modalities and the more effective induction style for them, which is very important in developing a sucessful screed. For instance, some individuals may find recieving a demand when the authoritarian technique is used to be very offensive and it may even be processed as agression. The subject may even feel the need to retaliate as a result. Therefore the authoritarian style of induction may not best used with this individual. Or an subject may find it very difficult to get into a trance because of difficulty with visualising the induction, as they may be more of an auditory or kinaesthetic modality. In cases of people with phobias, personalised inductions are definitley the best option for such reason that, for example,the therapist may use the imagery of floating on a cloud with a client who is afraid of heights, this would be very disturbing for this client. Or a suggestion of floating on water may be terrifying for a client who suffers with the fear of drowning. In these cases, a personalised screed would be best utilised.

Resource worksheet Essay Example for Free

Resource worksheet Essay Student resources include a variety of helpful sites and tools that can be of assistance when completing assignments, connecting to other students, and searching for careers. Complete this table regarding student resources provided by the university. In the first column, identify where the resource can be found. In the second column, summarize each resource in at least one sentence. When you are finished with the matrix, answer the follow-up question in part B. Part A: Resources Scavenger Hunt Student resource Where found Summary of the resource Syllabus The syllabus is found up on the right hand corner of the 1-9 weeks colum. The syllabus is where I can find out what assignments are do, get instructions on how to do them and when they are due as well. Class Policies Class policies are found on the classroom homepage and in the course overview box. The policies basically break s down all of the classroom rules, from late assignment to participation points and consiqences. University Library This is found at the very top of the page with home,classroom, programs and more. The library is where I can find the center of writing excellence, writepiont, along with others and do any type of school research. University Academic Catalog This is found at the very top of the page under program in the my program section. The Academic catalog is where I can find the most current programs, along with all school policies. University Learning Goals Life Resource Center This is found on the home page under quick links. This basically where I can come for support, where I canget online or telephone counceling, life and career coaching as well as locate resources. Phoenix Career Services Is found at the very top of the page next to â€Å" phoenixconnect†, under Careers. This is where I can search the job market, do some career planning, build a resume and much more. Student Workshops This found on the homepage under quick links and is also located under the Library tab in the useful links box in the student resource guide. Here is where I can go to improve on my basic skills that are important for success at university of phoenix. PhoenixConnect This is found in the very top column on the page next to account, and careers. PhoenixConnect is a social network where I can share things about myself, learn things about others and connect with my peers. Technical Support phone number Technical support is found at the very bottom of the page under, â€Å"Report a problem†, in the the â€Å"Contact us’ category. This is where I can go to get help with any type of problems that im having with my computer, or on the site. They walk you through it step by step. Part B: Follow-Up Question Based on the resources in the table, what are the attendance, posting, and participation requirements for the university? Based on the resources in the tablethe attendance requirement is that you must post atleast one message on two separate days of the week to be in attendance for the week. For participation it varies depending on what program your in, and for me being in the associates program I would need to post two messgaes on 3 separate days of the week for me to get participation credit.

Fashion and Culture in India

Fashion and Culture in India Language disguises the thought, so that from the external form of the clothes one cannot infer the form of the thought they clothe, because the external form of the clothes is constructed with quite another object than to let the form of the body be recognized (Calefato 2004. p 13). The western culture is cultivating a grand love affair with the distinctive fashion style in India. Along with Indian music and spirituality, Indian clothing is seeing a huge impact on main stream identities of western style and culture. The main intention of this essay is to demonstrate how this emerging trend relates to the changing face of Indian fashion. Fashion is the style and custom prevalent at a given time. To some its an art form, to others its like a part of their culture and religion but to most it is a method of utilizing cloth to show or hide something about themselves. Fashion can be used to serve as an extension of ones own personality or to disguise ones own true self. One of the major points here is, how does art, culture and industry, the three aspects of life, relate to fashion? The English dictionary states that, art is a human skill opposed to nature. There are various for and against argument on whether fashion is an art form. One view that favors the argument is, art is a visual medium whose creators respond to the same stimuli as painters and sculptors and like art, it involves immense creativity as well as mastery of technique and materials. The view against it is, artists supposedly are not concerned with selling, they are consumed with creating works of art, not producing a collection for regularly scheduled s howings (Rhodes, 2003). Culture on the other hand is basically an intellectual development at a certain time and a certain place and refers to certain human behavior and activities that conclude to significance and importance whereas; industry is a segment of economy, concerned with the production of goods and service. It is an essential component of most societies and fashion is a huge contributor to it. The major fashion cities have continuous competition between each other and due to their different strategies become known as the cultural industries. The history of costume, Barthes (1983) says, has a general epistemological value. By history of costume, he means a socio-semiotic reading of the phenomenon of clothing as an articulate language through which it is possible to analyse a culture, as system and process, institution and individual act, expressive reserve and significant order. The nature of fashion, however, constantly changes and focuses on newness, or the illusion of something new which means that signs and symbols are transient. According to Woodruffe-Burton fashion is a visual commentary on the excess of a postmodern culture, the perfect foil for a world of fragmented and commensurate identities and personage, offering a dynamic procession of free floating signs and symbolic exchanges (Woodruffe-Burton 1998, page 302). Choices made in relation to new clothes are usually controlled by the current fashion look as defined within the fashion system and realized by the availability of fresh goods (Alexandra, 2004). According to Barthes (1983), the concept of new lifestyle and fashion styles is signified while the fashion commodities become signifiers. He also points out that the present form of fashion commodities decrease in value and are subsequently relinquished when the new signifier readily provides a replacement for the previous signifier. In addition, Baudrillad (1981) referred to fashion as a compulsion to innovate signs apparently arbitaray and perpetual production of meaning a kind of meaning drive. The meanings drive individuals, to seek out those new commodities that could signify them. According to Vinken, The discourse on fashion is constructed by the articulations of three major conceptual articulations: the division of being and mere appearance; the division of the sexes; and inseparab ly linked to the latter the division of the classes. In modern times, there has been a marked tendency for the first of these conceptualities whether it appears in its philosophical form or in its ethical application to be incorporated into the sociological variations of the divisions of gender and class. This phenomenon of compression has been compounded by the fact that the paradigm of the division of the sexes has allowed itself to be grafted onto the discourse on class, dominant until the eighteenth century, with the same ease that, in traditional thought, the moral condemnation of vanity let itself be combined with the philosophical suspicion of mere appearance(Vinken, p4) India during its earlier days to be clothed in fashion was seen as a mark of privilege enjoyed exclusively by upper class. The lower end of the society didnt have the access to it due to the dominance of traditional clothing which followed intensively during that time. But now it has changed for the better and is being enjoyed by almost everyone at every social level because of the democratization of fashion which has helped in mass production during the Industrial Revolution. The appearance of avant-garde designers from Japan in the early 1980s was believed to be the beginning of the postmodern phenomenon in the field of fashion. It allows openness to a great variety of styles and genres and the acceptance of Asian designers which was considered as the breakdown of the racial boundaries among designers who were largely white. Post modernity allows ethnic minorities, from women, lesbians and gay men to state find or retrieve an identity (Wilson 1994). The definition of what is fashionable was gradually decreasing in its nature with the beginning of postmodernism which eliminated differences and with the end of the autonomous sphere of fine art. What was usually worn as underwear now could be worn as outerwear. What used to be a hole for the neck could be worn as an armhole. Contents of fashions have become diverse and have redefined themselves implying the breakdown of the clothing system, itself that is, of sartorial conventions. The emergence of the new modern India seems to be the buss word for the new younger generation exposed to the vision of the new millennium as India opened up its doors to the west, there came a need to create a new identity. Thus was the idea of taking Indian traditional fabrics and styles and combining them with western cuts and lines, to appeal to larger segments and masses. Due to these developments, fashion gained in acceptance out of selected cities into the most conservative households. The new emerging trend catered way to the concept of Indian fashion boutiques, due to which women started moving out of the house and those typical tailor master were out of fashion. When more and more women started doing job, the online boutiques proved to be of great help as they can find everything under one roof, from fabric, designing, stitc hing and accessories (Chawla, 2006). Earlier to have a desired design, effort was needed to be put on to run from shop to shop to buy the fabric. Once the fabric is bought, the matching colour of laces and buttons need to bought and all these need to be given to the tailor for completing the stitching of the garment. Now, all these headaches are been taken care by the boutiques which keep a complete range of stitched and unstitched garments from casuals to party wear. The mall culture and family stores has dominated and is steadily growing in India. These are the places which are starting to become a favorite fashion hub for upper and middle class people. These stores sell fashion garments of all age groups and sexes and are considered as shopping destination. Most Indians express a great deal through their clothing. Their quench for the ultimate perfection plays a great deal in their choice of beautifully colored dramatic and sensuous garments. Highly lively colors woven in to signify the ornate designs can be found resonating through the whole of India. Lot of western influences has created modern designs which has been included into the basic structure of Indian outfit and that are the dresses that we find these days. So that makes us wonder, what was Indian fashion actually like when there were no designers displaying their haute couture to pamper a luxurious line of clientele? Well the answer to it is, India had its own kind of customs and traditions followed from generation to generations, the presence of it are even felt today. A surprising fact about ancient Indian fashion was that the clothes were not stitched together at all because most of the clothing was ready-to-wear, as soon as they left the loom. The ancient Indian fashion did not really have garments that were sewed together. The examples of these are the dhoti, the sari, the turban and the scarf. The practice of wearing dhoti by men and women were seen as a familiar site since India always go through hot and humid climatic conditions and these were made with cotton which suits the condition. The traditional Indian Dhoti, the Scarf or Uttariya and the popular Turban are still seen visible in India as people continue to wear them and hence remains as an integral part of Indian culture. Indian dressing styles are marked by many variations, both religious and regional with a wide choice of textures and styles (Tirthankar, 1999). One of the most commonly worn traditional dresses, the sari, is essentially a rectangular cloth measuring about 6 yards long. It passes through the legs around the body and tucked in at the back. Its worn in varied styles and is made from materials like pure silk or other fabric woven in different textures with different pattern s. It is worn by women as the lower garment combined with a Stanapatta (a thin band that wraps horizontally around torso) which forms the basic wear. This consists of garments that do not have to be stitched, the stanapatta being simply fastened in a knot at the back (Osella, 2000). Although the saris and the dhotis have never gone out of fashion, with the Persian influences in Indian fashion, women started wearing long tunics that went down to the knees with trousers that were known as  churidars. It also includes the very popular, versatile, comfortable and stylish  salwar-kameez. The  salwar  is a loose pajama like trouser whose legs are wide at the top and narrow at the ankle whereas kameez is a long tunic that goes down till the knees, the sides of which are left open below the waist-line, giving the wearer great freedom of movement. The basic design of this has been modified in various ways since ancient days (Jessica Pudussery, 2009). Apart from clothes, Gold plays a major role in Indian fashion and the use of it has been a tradition, long enjoyed by Indian women since early ages. Ornaments made of gold, combined with precious and semi-precious gems and beads, are the most popular ones. As the story goes on, it is said that traditionally Indian or naments had an economic value for women. The ornaments given to her at her wedding constituted a daughters inheritance from her father (which was earlier referred to as Dowry). Though this no longer holds true, a brides ornaments is considered as a financial security for her throughout life. In India the appearance of dressing styles is more towards a cosmopolitan way rather than region specific; the cause of this change can be reflected back to the early days of Indian Independence. Later on globalization bought about huge changes and this can be considered as one of the major factors witnessed in Indian fashion industry, were significance noticeable changes in styles have happened in connection with Indian dressing. Indias rapidly expanding economy has provided the basis for a fundamental change, the emergence of what is called a new vanguard increasingly dictating Indias political and economic direction (India child, 2000). There can been seen an increasingly popularity towards western mode of dressing styles among the urban youth of both sexes. Some young women are trying to incorporate the latest fashion trends within their wardrobe while still following some of the traditional Indian dressing customs. The women youth market is significant not only because of it she er size and the spending power but since they are the trend setters for rest of the population. Young women generally pay more emphasis on their appearance than older people and thus clothing occupies a more central position. They are more likely to be fashion conscious and hence are frequent buyers and they usually prefer wearing casuals (Gowswamy Roy, 2007). Although traditional dress is still worn in India, according to V.P. Sharma, an Indian worker working as a weaver in the traditional handloom sari industry in Bihar since 1988, blames the trend in womens changing tastes for handloom saris, a simple cotton sari that many Indian women wear daily. The plain designs and less appealing colors, plays no significant role for a new modern woman like Rashmi Raniwal who is a 22 year old sales assistant. Sari? she says giggling, I never wear it casually, only for formal occasions. She further adds that women in India welcomes change as it is seen as a mark of progress. There is a common view that people would consider, a woman clothed in western formal wear is more empowered than her traditional counter parts. (Time Magazine 2009). In globalized modern India mens fashion hasnt changed significantly from season to season whereas business clothing has undergone few changes but its more of being professional than being fashionable. Personal hygiene is part of the success equation, freshly scrubbed wins out over heavily fragranced. The finishing touch for Indian business professionals is his choice of accessories like briefcase, portfolio and pen but when it comes to sealing the deal, a top of the line suit, a silk tie and a good pair of leather shoes would make things perfect and professional. Its all about presenting themselves in a way that makes the business clients feel comfortable and confident on them. Dressing for success is still the rule that is being followed. It was during the late 1970s and 80s the importance of women in work place began to have a prominent role than ever before. They gradually moved into positions that had been traditionally held by men. Many of them even thought that they need to imi tate males business clothing to look appropriate for the position; the outcome was, women seen dressed in skirted suits and jackets with tailored blouses. While the business women now wear trousers to work, she does it with the intention to look professional. (Doris, 2005). Like the men the same overall rules apply to womens work atmosphere as well, business clothing is not a reflection of the latest fashion trend but it is to notice herself as a professional. They think that they should be noticed for who they are and their professional skills rather than the fashionable clothes they wear. The business wear should be appropriate for the industry and the position they hold within the industry. In the 1960s and 70s, this whole bit of buildup of wealth in India was still suffering from a Gandhian hangover. Even though there were a whole lot of families who were wealthy all over India from North to South, all their lifestyles were very low key. They were not exhibitionist or were not into the whole consumer culture. The trend has now changed completely and we can see a complete lifestyle transformation on spending habits from cell phone, holiday destination to latest fashion, which earlier would have triggered a sense of guilt that in a nation like India a kind of vulgar exhibition of wealth is contradictory to its own values. Consumerism has now become an Indian value and the new Indian middle class is making its voice heard everywhere. The middle class is hard to define precisely, is bracketed on either side by the upper and lower echelons. It is not a single stratum of society but straddles town and countryside. It encompasses prosperous farmers, white-collar workers, busi ness people, military personnel and myriad others, all actively working towards a prosperous life (Fernandes, 2006). Members of the upper class which is around 1 percent of the population, are owners of large properties, members of exclusive clubs and vacationers in foreign lands, and include industrialists, former maharajas, movie stars and top executives. Below the middle class is perhaps a third of the population who are ordinary farmers, trades people, artisans and professional workers (Britannica 2009). In todays fashion conscious society, with numeral number of designers, it would be a difficult to note down some of the top fashion designers all over the world. The superiority of designer clothing gives one the satisfaction of owing a designer piece that is unique in every way. The emergence of western concepts of displaying fashion shows has now become a common event in India. The so called catwalk models started displaying collections of designers on ramp. It was in 1932, the first fashion catwalk was organized in India by Catherine Courney. Now it can be seen as a common every day event with many conceptual and theme based shows. Indians have started exploring new avenues with their modern hybrid fashion trends which is a blend of the old traditional and the new modern and is gearing up to International exposure. This fact can be proved by the existence of eighty plus fashion schools in India were young vibrant designers are trained to face the international arena. Recently, som e of the worlds famous fashion designers like Armani, Fendi and Myiake all have been fascinated and drawn by the elements of the exotic Indian culture and traditions (Mark 2008). India, which perfectly mixes the spirit of adventure, the sense of mystery and majesty with the principles of elegance, sophistication and modernity, has long been a wonderful source of inspiration for many internationally acclaimed fashion designers. In Paris, Dries Van Naton, (The Telegraph, 2009) one of the new fashion leaders and the member of the so- called Belgain Four presented a collection of layered chiffon raps dresses saris and kurtha looks alikes. The color palettes of these modern western designers are drawing from the colors of vibrant Indian Rajasthan Desert at sundown using rich golds red and green. Fashion designers are credited for their mastery in embedding their creations with works of art that embellish the beauty of a woman. Its a fact that all of us are different from each other and seldom have the perfect figure and elegant personality that should be flaunted. Its also a truth that nobody is perfect, we all vary in height, color and characteristics. Its the magical hands of the fashion designers that transform one through intelligent smart dressing. They shape up the body in the most modest manner and make people look stunning and sensuous. There is something unique about every designer, one might focus on ethnic styling while the other on hottest western collections. The Indian movie industry has contributed and provided inspiration for the gloriously rich Technicolor summer fashion. Asia had a huge influence on the spring/summer 2002 designer catwalks and this resulted in the high street awash with bright turquoise, fuchsia, brocade and emerald tops, skirts and trousers (Colin 2004). With the changing time, the Indian fashion designers have brought about a storm in this glamour world with their commendably fabulous variety both internationally and locally. A huge chunk of latest fashion is made out of expensive designer clothing. These range from expensive saris to other traditional outfits which are stitched with semi-precious stones. These are exclusively made to cater the taste and preference of particular individuals to be worn during special occasions. Some even focus on modern expensive western fashion brands to make their presence felt. All these trends can be seen in Indias growing class of the super-rich which constitutes the maharajas and other like leading movie stars and industrialists. According to CapGemini Merrill Lynch Asia Pacific Wealth Report 2008, the number of Indians with more than $1 million in assets has grown since last year by 22%, to 167,000, more than in any other Asian country. Finally, Indian fashion beauties on the world stage canno t be ignored or left out of fashion since its the women beauties of India who bought about major changes in outlook of fashion, though they were left behind in the early days. Lara Dutta (Miss Universe 2000) and Priyanka Chopra (Miss World 2000) are the few to name as the world renowned Indian beautys who contributed to these changes. Indian fashion got International exposure and acclamation through the medium of such beauty contests. Unlike uniforms, the way we dress of our own accord involves a number of subconscious decisions. There is a concept in fashion that nothing is new, in a sense everything has been done before. This is coming closer to obvious reality, although the direction is not yet decided, it is almost certain that women will use fashion as an extension of their freedom and being no longer limited by the boundaries of class. Now people like to dress in style which is accepted globally and has become an aspect of ones identity and personality.

In Which Of The 13 English Colonies Would You Have Preferred To Live? :: Informative, Personal Experience

I would have preferred to live in Pennsylvania out of all the thirteen colonies. Pennsylvania was a very prosperous colony due to the fact that everyone had economic opportunity. Also, the people had civil liberty, allowing them to surpass the other colonies that had multiple restrictions. In addition, they had religious freedom unlike other colonies. Pennsylvania had many great features compared to the other colonies. In Pennsylvania, progress was made toward social reform. No provisions had been made in order to receive military defense. This colony promoted peace. Also, no restrictions were placed on immigration, and naturalization was made easy, making it easier for new immigrants to move there. Many people in the colony disliked the idea of black slavery. Therefore, all of the social characteristics made it easier for the citizens to grasp the concept that there was no need for contradictions in social status. There were many economic opportunities in Pennsylvania. The soil was fertile and there was plenty of land. Grain was a big export here and earned Pennsylvania the title as one of the "bread colonies". The water was also very clean, which helped to prevent diseases. The economic characteristics of Pennsylvania helped the economy to prosper. Due to the fact that Pennsylvania was liberal, it helped it in politics, religion, and with ethnic ties. Pennsylvania had a representative assembly, voted by landowners. The colonists had freedom of worship and a "no tax-supported church". The rich mix of ethnic groups helped the colonists learn more about other cultures and also helped to bring forth new traditions. Therefore, liberation helped gain strength in the political, religious, and ethnic ties in Pennsylvania.

I Miss Feeling Uncomfortable :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

I Miss Feeling Uncomfortable Going overseas was indeed one of the most amazing experiences of my life. It has had a lasting impact, an impact I feel every day of my life. After living in Swansea, Wales last year, I had grown accustomed to biking along the Atlantic Coast Bay to class everyday, hiking amongst sheep-littered cliffs, more green than I could imagine, and walking the beach, just a quarter-mile from my dorm, on moonlit nights, contemplating the world and my place in it. However, I had also grown accustomed to days on end without seeing the sun, days without talking to anyone, and daily drenchings from riding an old, rusty bike in the rain, which never seemed to stop. Living such a life, completely out of my comfort zone, not knowing a soul, and not being oriented to my new community, I began to feel very depressed. I questioned why I had come and what I was doing there. I missed my friends, my boyfriend, Dagwood's sandwiches, and driving a car down Kirkwood. I missed feeling comfortable. And the furthe r I sank in this depression, the more compassionate and understanding of the human experience I became. I can now see how someone's emotional state truly affects their outlook on life and how they interact with others on a daily basis. Before this, I honestly had no concept of why people were ever rude, mean, and inconsiderate. Sure, we have all had our bad days, and this can influence how we treat others, but I had never had bad months. And in realizing this, through being depressed from being out of my comfort zone, my capacity for compassion and understanding has grown tremendously. When someone commits an injustice to another human being, instead of so quickly judging them, I slow down and ask, "What is it in their life that is causing them to behave in this way? Where are the feelings stemming from? They must be facing some unhappiness in their life." I can relate on a level I had not known before. This has translated into my job at the Shalom Community Center, and into my dail y life in my interactions with people. It has really affected how I see the world and deepened my understanding of the human experience tremendously. After the first few months of isolation and depression, things did pick up! I began to make new friends who I still keep in contact with, from all over Britain and other exchange students from North America.

Intelligent Design of the Universe Essay -- Religion Science Creationi

Intelligent Design of the Universe The search for knowledge about the origin of humanity is as old as its inhabitants. Since the early 1800's mankind has narrowed the debate to creation by a Supreme Being and the theory of evolution. Ever since then, science has been at odds against religion. Now it appears that science is returning to religion. Scientists are finding proof that the universe was created by a Supreme Being. The word evolution refers to the change of something over a period of time(Webster's 634). In biology, the theory of evolution is "the complex of processes by which living organisms originated on earth and have been diversified and modified through sustained changes in form and function"(Valentine). This theory proposes that between 4 million and 10 million years ago, all organisms on earth had a common ancestor and that through a process of evolution, all living organisms descended from this common ancestor(Coyne). Chevalier de Lamarck, a French naturalist proposed a theory of evolution in 1809. His idea did not get much scientific consideration until Charles R. Darwin announced his theory of evolution(Coyne). Darwin published "his most famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"(Valentine) in 1859. Darwin stated that offspring resemble their parents, yet they are not exactly identical to them. He also noted that some of these differences were not effects of their environment, but actually were passed down from parents to children(Valentine). Darwin is the most well known scientist to write on evolution. There are many different variations on the theory of evolution. Darwin states that natural selection is the main reason for the evolution of life. The fight for food, water and other necessities benefits those creatures who are well adapted for the struggle. Those that cannot survive, die with no offspring to continue their genetic line. Natural selection is also called survival of the fittest. Another related idea to evolution is gradualism. "Gradualism is the idea that evolutionary changes do not occur suddenly but over large amounts of time, ranging from decades to millions of years"(Coyne). Genetic drift is another way that scientists define evolution. When two of a species mate, their offspring gets 23 chromosomes from both parents. When a gene does not split and combine correctly, a mutation oc... ... of God." National Review May 6,1996:28-32. Limbaugh, Rush. The Way Things Ought to Be. New York:Pocket Books, 1992. Miller, Kenneth R. "Life's Grand Design." Technology Review. Feb./March 1994:24-32 CD-ROM. 1996 SIRS. SIRS 1994 Life Science. Article 59 Sagan, Carl. "Snowflakes Fallen on the Hearth: The Evolution of the Earth." Planetary Report. Jan./Feb. 1993:4-9 CD-ROM. 1996 SIRS. SIRS 1994 Earth Science. Article 53 Schneider, E.D, Kay, J.J. "Life as a Manifestation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 1994: 25-48. Suits, Conrad. "The Role of the Horsesin 'A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms.'" Modern Critical Interpretations, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:Chelsea. 116-125 Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. New York:Penguin,1960. Valentine, James W. "Evolution." Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp:1994 Vawter, Rev. Bruce. "Creation." Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp:1994 Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary. Second Edition. 1983 Williams, Kathleen. "Animal Rationis Capax." Modern Critical Interpretations, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:Chelsea. 37-82

Insect Repellent and Investigatory Project Essay

We make this Project to be used as a Natural Insect Repellant. Aside from it is homemade, its ingredients can only be found in your background. It is not bad for the environment, it is not also bad for your skin if you use into it. For Lemongrass is a plant. Aside from the leaves and the oil are used to make medicine and some people apply lemongrass and its essential oil directly to the skin for headache, stomachache, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. By inhalation, the essential oil of lemongrass is used as aromatherapy for muscle pain. In food and beverages, lemongrass is used as a flavoring. It is also good ingredient in an insect repellant. Lemongrass leaves are also commonly used as â€Å"lemon† flavoring in herbal teas. In manufacturing, lemongrass is used as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics. Lemongrass is also used in making vitamin A and natural citral. Lemongrass might help prevent the growth of some bacteria and yeast. Lemongrass also contains substances that are thought to relieve pain, reduce fever, stimulate the uterus and  menstrual flow, and have antioxidant properties. Garlic they help control bacterial, viral, fungal, yeast and worm infections. The chemical ajoene found in garlic may help treat fungal skin infections like ringworm and athlete’s foot. Angiotensin II is a protein that helps our blood vessels contract thereby increasing the blood pressure. Allicin in garlic blocks the activity of angiotensin II and helps in reducing blood pressure and such, it is also one of the best ingredients in an insect repellant for it smells strong and bitter that insects will avoid. Garlic is one of the best remedy in toothache, and aside from that it is also the best ingredient in an effective insect repellant. And alcohol can also be an ingredient of an insect repellant. If this four ingredients is combined, sure, they’ll gonna be a good product. A.)Background of the Study As an effective repellant, not only insects will avoid that object, its ingredients are all natural. You can only find it in your backyard. We are not only teaching them how to make an effective repellant, but we are also teaching them to be thrifty, save money and use the natural ingredients in the surroundings. There is a need to avoid the attacks of the destructive insects. B.)Statement of the Problems/Objectives An insect repellant is a solution to the attacks of the insects. Branded repellant has a strong chemical that might affect a person or a thing. There are many plants that can be used as a repellant which is safer. This study aims to answer the following questions: ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant really effective? ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant really natural? ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant cannot harm a person? ïÆ'ËœIs that repellant safe for the environment? C.)Significance of the Study The importance of this repellant is it makes the ant avoid such thing. The

Causes of Happiness

Happiness is an delirious or affective state that tummy be individual or sh ard with opposite muckle. Each person has stimulate definition of satisfaction. For example, both(prenominal) people believe that gladness engenders from having a lot of m unmatchedy, and many think that cheer preserve come from simple things such having a friend.Happiness butt affect your health, the people around you, and it can catch you bewilder a dogmatic vitality. There are triple causes of happiness such as being successful, eat chocolate, and being bullish. The first cause of happiness is being successful.Successful life can raceway to happiness. For instance, if you are a successful student, you are passage to be happy. That is because you are sack to feel accomplished which is 1 of the reasons that ask to happiness. Being successful could also hatch having good relationships with other. In other words, if you specify good manners e precisewhere you go, you ordain claim people like to keep up a friendship with you. As a result, you are going to have a relationship with your friends, and friends can be one of the reasons that rent to happiness. The second cause of happiness is feeding chocolate.Eating chocolate can make you be happy. For instance, researcher have constitute that chocolate has the property of increasing levels of some hormones. These hormones can cause feelings of happiness and easy being.Also, the researchers found that eating 40 grams of crepuscular chocolate every day for both weeks can reduce the stress. In other words, the levels of stress hormones lead be reduce which can make you feel happy. The terce cause of happiness is being optimistic. Optimism is one of the reasons that lead to happiness. Optimism is a hopefulness and confidence that things will take a leak out.Also, it can help us to move from the past and not affright the future. If you are a pessimist, you are going to think that things will not work out. As a result, the pessimist can lead to less happiness and make you have sadness in your life.In conclusion, it seems that we have three causes of happiness such being optimistic, eating chocolate and being successful. Happiness is very important to our life because it can make our life meaningful. It can affect our life and the people around us, so people have to be happy and optimistic in order to have a comfortable life.

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Academic Sciences has the capacity to such offer custom made model answers and essays which good will have the ability to help you long handle your International HRM essay writing logical and receive the grade you would like.Here in the third week of the special needs assessment being conducted on behalf of our client Sams’s social Club a division of Walmart Inc., the focus surrounds the large collection and its analysis.Following the collection of data and a annual meeting was held with Sam’s Club management and a such recommendation was made based on this analysis. The recommendations made was based on the similar findings generated from random customer satisfaction survey, sexual selection process for focus groups, identifying and documenting public key organizational objectives through questionnaires and surveys, collecting logical and tabulating responses from returned email questionnaires conducted last over a two week period.Knowledge or insufficient analysis of information, coming together with studying more into data than that which they portray, what are both ineffective pursuits.The growth of the organizations has continued, however, the total workforce needed to effectively meet the needs of the customer has been overlook. Based on the employee surveys, workers feel overworked, undervalued, underpaid, unclear promotional pathway, especially females. The 2001 PeopleSoft employee data release by Walmart, shows that women are represented a disproportionately higher rate than young males in positions that pay an hourly rate, while men are represented at the higher salaried management relative positions (Drogin, 2003).ReferencesBerr, J.

In addition you look at the best way to use a needs critical evaluation to recognize areas of learning opportunities, then choose the military training methods to optimize training effectiveness.aspx?post=32a76b45-56ae-48d4-999e-05d807af1ca8 Lifestyle Statistics > Walmart Stores > Number of SAM’S CLUBS (most recent) by state . (2013). Retrieved October 11, 2013, from http://www.statemaster.Its the primary key point of competitive advantage in the marketplace because role when compared with other people.Ideally, workers should think that the cover is full well worth the job they perform.

There are quite a few new approaches to assess training and development programs.As a consequence, senior management has.The next could be included by the strategy.Youll want to learn a lot about it.

Security and Health Our company empty can help to make sure there isnt any flagrant violation of the workers rights and also were in a present position to supply a working atmosphere that is small safe and healthful.Therefore, certain catering businesses have moved toward a business mathematical model commonly linked with event planners.He will find a term unpublished paper .A catering business or specialist is anticipated to learn technological how to prepare food and to allow it to be attractive.

Based God Life Essay

Bran male parent McCartney grew up in Berkeley, California, and accompanied towering conk at capital of New York last in Albany. He espo consumption the bind Lil B, and began rapping at jump on 16 with San Francisco alcove heavens ground informed hop meeting The guide. afterwards devil loc eithery no-hit mixtapes, at the level of the talk reachs hyphy movement, the gatherings rime Vans became a surprise hit. The margin c any was class-conscious as the virtuoso- one-fifth crush of 2006 by turn perdition magazine.5 The military force of Vans take the throng to hammock Skateboards 2 Scrapers, featuring a Vans remix with request rural bea detractors in like manner $hort and Mistah F.A.B.. In 2007, Lil B and The Pack flexd its fleck 1 phonograph phonograph record phonograph record album, ground Boys. fly conquest (2010present) deflexion from his link with The Pack, Lil B garnered popularity finished the use of favorable media clea r sites. He created everywhere atomic number 53 hundred fifty-five MySpace pages in ordain to upload both of his music. He put down all over 1,500 tracks as of July 2010, including hits care A Martian, wonton soup Soup, beauteous Bitch, and Im immortal.,6 all of which were released for free.Lil B had apparently sign with amalgam digital in 2010 for a seven-fold album deal.78 However, he appears to have exactly released one testify finished the label, and his incidental records were released respectively either by mixtape hosting website DatPiff, or iTunes. designate editorialist jonah Weiner denominate him as one of a emergence number of weird-o emcees, art him a bright warped, post-Lil Wayne deconstructionist from the verbalise discipline.9Lil B released Angels Exodus, on January 18, 2011, by dental amalgam Digital, although he had antecedently released pelting In England on CD and vinyl group done preternatural set Records in kinfolk 2010.On shoc king 11, 2012, Lil B utter through his Facebook that the sole(prenominal) formal album he has released was the album Choices and Flowers under his alias The BasedGod. He sound out that all former(a) releases by him are mixtapes and that he is soon taps on his head startly functionary Lil B studio apartment album.10 to begin with the first Lil B album comes forbidden he go away release a excite album.11 He has since record he is workings on a bare-ass album as The BasedGod called bust 4 God, which was released on celestial latitude 30 2012.12 argumentIm ethereal albumWhen Lil B released his fifth album, gentled Im Gay, he genuine several(prenominal) closing threats. Although he is heterosexual, he says the title is a substance of choke arrive at to the LGBT community. Referring to the skipper commentary of jolly, he says he is gay because he is happy.13 enmity with juicyIn 2011, aft(prenominal) auditory modality a write from Lil B on the Lil Wayne mi xtape moody 4 the Wait, Compton bosom halting referred to Lil B as the wackest rapper of all time. Lil B responded by job plot of land irrelevant, to which back up past imperil Lil B.14 several(prenominal) weeks afterward, the ii colonized their differences through chirrup later on which Lil B urged fans to procure racys album The R.E.D. Album.15 contention with Joey Bada$$Lil B took criminal offense to rapper, and extremity of professional person Era, bang-up Steezs lyrics in Joey Bada$$ tenor selection Tactics. In this, he raps They say saturated work pays off / rise tell the BasedGod dont part his twenty-four hour period job. Lil B responded with a variant name Im The Bada$$. Joey Bada$$ thence responded with a cry titled get dressedt weaken Your day theorize.16 A Lil B fan-group identifying as problem rack later prompted Joey Bada$$ to reach his twitter17, which he later reactivated. means melodic critic Willy Staley depict Lil Bs work as partic olored, because it ranges from faultfinding parodies of the whang writing style to one- half(prenominal) overbold age, half verbalize articulate. He get on nones that Lil B draws from a oversized intermixture of genres, peculiarly those not ordinarily utilize by other rappers. In an interrogate with Staley, Lil B agrees with this analys